Autism researchers have long been dedicated to investigating the origins of Autism. Current knowledge suggests that environmental elements, like air pollutants, play a role in the development of autism. This of course encompasses exposure to metals, pesticides and other harmful substances during infancy.

These pollutants impact brain development in infants causing neurological disorders. However this is one aspect of the issue.

Genetic Factor

The other side of the puzzle is that genetic factors are also suspected to play a significant role. The problem is researchers are not sure what exact genes are responsible for the manifestation of autism. In fact many questions remain unanswered to this day “if your sister is Autistic, does it hold true that your child might be Autistic?”And so genetics have become a major focus of study for autism researchers. One approach that has been particularly powerful in gaining insights is the study of twins. Twins often share almost identical genetic makeup. 100% gene makeup if the twins are identical and 50% if they are non-identical.

What researchers are more interested in is the case where one twin is Autistic and the Other is not. This will helps to identify potential genetic and nongenetic factors that may play a role in the development of autism.

There’s actually one group of researchers that are doing a remarkable job in this regard, they are known as the California Autism Twins Study (CATS).

The Research Procedure

The team has collected reliable data on 192 twin pairs, both identical and fraternal, making it the largest study of its kind. The research is thanks to the collaboration between renowned scientists and the AGRE team. The clinical staff of AGRE played an essential role in collecting DNA samples and conducting home-based diagnostic and cognitive tests for ASD diagnosis.

Research Findings

Findings revealed that when one identical twin is diagnosed with autism, it is likely for the other twin to have a 70% chance of developing the disorder. A notable 35% overlap was observed among fraternal twins. In other words 35% of the time, both twins in a fraternal pair were affected with autism.

Research Implication

Based on these findings, researchers posited that there must be a  significant influence of the twins’ environment while in the womb or during birth that contributes to the development of autism.

Environmental because this percentage is much higher than the 3% to 14% overlap observed between different age siblings. For instance, if one child in a family has autism, there is only a 3% to 14% chance that a younger sibling will develop it. 

Further research is needed to understand the specific environmental factors that contribute to the development of autism in twins but genetic study continues to be a crucial area of research for understanding the causes and potential treatments for autism.  Therefore, this study provides valuable insights into the multifactorial nature of autism and highlights the importance of considering both genetic and environmental influences in future research studies.

Autism Treatment and Support

As more Autism research and support efforts expand, We at Illinois Autism are dedicated to delivering exceptional ABA therapy services for children diagnosed with Autism and other developmental disorders. Check out this page for more information.